Patient Guide · Sports Medicine

ACL Tears: A clear path from injury to return-to-sport.

Tearing your ACL is scary — but with modern arthroscopic reconstruction and a structured rehab program, the vast majority of athletes return to the sports they love. Here's what to know.

The short version

7–9 months Typical return-to-sport timeline after reconstruction
90%+ Of athletes return to their previous level of play
Outpatient Arthroscopic surgery — same-day discharge
Did I tear my ACL?

Symptoms and how we make the diagnosis.

Most patients know something is seriously wrong the moment it happens. The combination of a "pop," rapid swelling, and an unstable knee is a high-probability ACL story until proven otherwise.

Diagnosis starts in the office with a careful history and a few specific exam tests — the Lachman, anterior drawer, and pivot shift. We confirm with an MRI, which also identifies any associated injuries to the meniscus, cartilage, or other ligaments. Most ACL tears come with at least one companion injury, and identifying them up front shapes the surgical plan.

The injury

What is the ACL — and how does it tear?

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the four main ligaments stabilizing your knee. It runs from the back of your femur to the front of your tibia and is the primary restraint to forward and rotational motion. Without an intact ACL, the knee can buckle during cutting, pivoting, or landing.

Most ACL tears happen without contact — a planted foot with rotational force, an awkward landing where the knee collapses inward, or a backward fall on skis. Cutting and pivoting sports (soccer, basketball, football, lacrosse, skiing) account for the majority of injuries we see. Direct-contact tears from a blow to the side of the knee are less common but real.

Female athletes have a 2–8x higher incidence than males in comparable sports. ACL tears can also happen to weekend warriors and patients well into their 50s and 60s.

Anatomical illustration of a torn anterior cruciate ligament inside the knee joint
A torn anterior cruciate ligament inside the knee.
Treatment options

Surgery vs. non-operative management.

Not every ACL tear requires surgery. The right path depends on your age, activity level, the demands you place on your knee, and whether other structures are also injured. We make this decision together.

Non-operative

Best for low-demand patients who don't play cutting or pivoting sports and whose knees feel stable for daily life.

  • Structured physical therapy
  • Activity modification
  • Functional bracing for select activities
  • Monitoring for recurrent instability or meniscus injury

A chronically unstable ACL-deficient knee carries a higher risk of meniscus tears and accelerated cartilage damage.

ACL reconstruction

Recommended for active patients, athletes, and anyone whose knee feels unstable in the activities they want to return to.

  • Outpatient arthroscopic surgery — same-day discharge
  • Torn ACL replaced with a graft (your own tendon or donor)
  • Meniscus repaired in the same surgery whenever possible
  • Phased rehab over 7–9 months
  • ~90%+ return to previous level of play
Your surgeon

M. Brett Raynor, M.D.

Board-certified orthopaedic sports medicine surgeon in Dallas, specializing in arthroscopic surgery of the knee, shoulder, and hip. Team physician for the U.S. Ski and Snowboard Team, Highland Park High School, St. Mark's, and several Dallas-area schools.

M. Brett Raynor, M.D., orthopaedic sports medicine surgeon
M. Brett Raynor, M.D. Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
Duke UniversityBA, Economics
UT SouthwesternMD · AOA Honor Society
VanderbiltOrthopaedic Surgery Residency
Steadman ClinicSports Medicine Fellowship · Vail, CO

D Magazine Best Doctor every year from 2019–2025. Texas Monthly Rising Star. Peer reviewer for the American Journal of Sports Medicine and a regular instructor at the Vail International Complex Knee Symposium and AANA Masters Courses.

How we do ACL reconstruction

  1. Graft selection together — bone-patellar tendon-bone, quadriceps tendon, hamstring, or allograft, chosen based on your sport, age, and goals.
  2. Anatomic tunnel placement — the single most important variable for long-term graft function.
  3. Concomitant injuries addressed — meniscus repaired whenever possible in the same surgery.
  4. Same-day discharge with a hinged brace, crutches, and a clear written rehab protocol.
  5. Structured rehab — physical therapy starts within a week, with scheduled checkpoints to keep your timeline on track.
Full profile at brettraynormd.com →
Recovery

The road back, milestone by milestone.

ACL recovery is a structured, phased process. Skipping ahead is the #1 cause of re-injury — patience in the early phases pays off in the late ones.

Weeks 0–2 · Protection

Get the swelling down and the knee straight.

Brace, crutches, ice, elevation. Quad activation begins immediately.

Weeks 2–6 · Motion & strength

Restore range of motion, start rebuilding the quad.

Off crutches by week 4 in most cases. Stationary bike, closed-chain strengthening.

Months 2–4 · Strength building

Progressive resistance under PT supervision.

Single-leg work, balance, controlled plyometric progression. The quad is the make-or-break muscle — we measure it.

Months 4–6 · Running & agility

Straight-line running, then change of direction.

Jumping and landing mechanics. Sport-specific drills. Strength testing to track quad symmetry.

Months 6–9 · Return to sport

Functional testing, sport-specific work, and clearance.

Single-leg hop battery and isokinetic strength testing. Cleared for full practice, then full game play in a brace.

Frequently asked

Common questions.

Do I really need surgery?

Not always. If you don't play cutting or pivoting sports and your knee feels stable, structured rehab may be enough. If you want to return to soccer, basketball, football, lacrosse, skiing, or anything else that involves cutting and pivoting, reconstruction is almost always the right call.

How long until I can drive?

For right-knee surgery, typically 4–6 weeks — once you're off narcotic pain medication and out of the brace for daily activities. For left-knee surgery in an automatic, often within 2 weeks.

Which graft is best?

There's no single "best" graft — there's a best graft for you. Bone-patellar tendon-bone is a historical gold standard for high-demand athletes. Quadriceps tendon is excellent for revisions and certain anatomies. Hamstring is reliable and lower-morbidity. Allograft (donor) is reserved for select older patients. We discuss the trade-offs in detail before surgery.

Can I tear it again?

Yes, but it's uncommon when reconstruction and rehab are both done well. Reported re-tear rates range from roughly 5–10%, with the highest risk in young athletes returning to cutting sports. Objective return-to-sport testing and a brace for the first season back minimize that risk.

What if I also tore my meniscus?

Most ACL tears come with some meniscus injury. Our default is to repair the meniscus whenever it's repairable — preserving the meniscus protects the knee long-term. Either way, it's done in the same surgery as the ACL.

Request an appointment

Tell us about your knee — we'll be in touch.

Fill out the form below and our team will reach out to schedule.

Other ways to reach us.

Most patients with a suspected ACL tear are seen within a few days. The sooner we evaluate it, the sooner we can build a plan.

Office
(214) 265-3211
Address
7115 Greenville Ave, Suite 310
Dallas, TX 75231
Hours
Mon–Thu 8:30–4:30
Fri 8:00–12:00
Educational only: The information on this page is intended to help you understand ACL injuries and is not a substitute for an evaluation by a qualified physician. Recommendations and timelines are individualized at your visit.